Patient-Specific Bone Multiscale Modelling, Fracture Simulation and Risk Analysis-A Survey.

This paper provides a starting point for researchers and practitioners of biology, medicine, physics and engineering that can benefit from a literature survey up-to-date on the modeling of patient-specific fracture, simulation and risk analysis. These surveys instructions on designing a framework for specific patient fracture simulation realistic.

This paper has 18 sections: Section 1 presents the main interested parties; Section 2 describes organzation text; Section 3 motivates further work on patient-specific simulation of fracture; Section 4 motivate this survey; Section 5 concerning the collection of bibliographic references; Section 6 motivating the physico-mathematical approach to fracture; Section 7 presents the bone modeling as a continuum; Section 8 categorize literature surveyed in the framework of continuum mechanics; Section 9 concerns computational modeling of bone geometry; Section 10 regarding the estimation of the mechanical properties of bone; Section 11 concerns the selection of the boundary conditions representative bone trauma; Section 12 concerns simulation of fracture; Section 13 gift multiscale structure of bone; Section 14 concerns the mathematical modeling of multiscale bone; Article 15 concerns the validation of experimental simulation of fracture; Section 16 concerns fracture risk assessment.

Over the past few years, have been great improvements in the study of biology and pathology of molluscs, especially in addressing the molecular patterns involved in the immune response mediated and inflammatory them. In contrast, the literature based on morphological diagnostic criteria above phenomenon still involve pathogenetic confusion and conflicting terminology.

Comparison of source bibliography, such as Brief Glossary of Terms Used in Invertebrate Pathology and the Status of National guidelines for histopathology molluscan and analysis of NOAA, it has been revealed variability in the definitions of lesions superimposable, stressed the need for further efforts in building a standard terminology and methodology in this field of study. This review suggests some possible solutions to address the use of terminology parallels in diagnosing inflammation of mollusks and also highlights the contradictory features require further discussion.

Patient-Specific Bone Multiscale Modelling, Fracture Simulation and Risk Analysis-A Survey.
Patient-Specific Bone Multiscale Modelling, Fracture Simulation and Risk Analysis-A Survey.

Make Queer Ontology: The Gender, Sex, Sexual Orientation and (GSSO) Ontology.

cultural attitudes, linguistic variation, and pathology of history has led to a number of terms related to gender, sex, and sexual orientation that leads to confusion and anxiety among both laymen and professionals relevant. For community members LGBTQIA +, negative reaction is exacerbated by identity historically and contemporarily been persecuted by the medical professionals.

In an effort to provide a reliable resource for patients and physicians, we have created the Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation (GSSO) ontology, which currently includes more than 4,000 entities from various disciplines. The GSSO are resources manually curated utilize related glossary of study biology, medicine, psychology, sociology, and gender. With links to more than 20 other such source ontology and MedDRA SNOMED-CT, which GSSO aims for accessibility and interoperability with existing systems. It is also open source and web-interface features easy to use. Future work involving multiple language support efforts and empirical evaluation.

Magnesium acetate - Tetrahydrate (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE190 500 g
EUR 98.4

Tetrahydrofuran

GK1522-1L 1 l
EUR 84

Tetrahydrofuran

GK1522-2500ML 2500 ml
EUR 122.4

Tetrahydrofuran

S-3460 1ML
EUR 45.6

Tetrahydrofuran-d8

S-3461 1ML
EUR 84

VOC Tetrahydrofuran Neat

REVOC176N 10MG
EUR 46.87

Tetrahydrofuran, 99.9%, for analysis, unstabilised

GK0126-1L 1 l
EUR 136.8

Tetrahydrofuran, 99.9%, for analysis, unstabilised

GK0126-2500ML 2500 ml
EUR 246

VOC Std Tetrahydrofuran 2000ug/mL in MeOH

REVOC176 1ML
EUR 66.59

(R)-2-(Tetrahydrofuran-3-Yl)Acetic-Acid

abx188023-10g 10 g
EUR 2932.8

Tetrahydrofuran, anhydrous, 99.9%, unstabilised

GK8887-100ML 100 ml
EUR 93.6

Tetrahydrofuran, anhydrous, 99.9%, unstabilised

GK8887-1L 1 l
EUR 154.8

Tetrahydrofuran, anhydrous, 99.9%, unstabilised

GK8887-2500ML 2500 ml
EUR 265.2

Tetrahydrofuran, anhydrous, 99.9%, unstabilised

GK8887-500ML 500 ml
EUR 117.6

(3R,4S)-Tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diamine dihydrochloride

abx180099-1g 1 g
EUR 2431.2

NADPH - Tetrasodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE202 25 mg
EUR 70.8

NADPH - Tetrasodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE203 100 mg
EUR 126

NADPH - Tetrasodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE204 500 mg
EUR 374.4

Urea, suitable for molecular biology

GE1210-1KG 1 kg
EUR 106.8

Urea, suitable for molecular biology

GE1210-500G 500 g
EUR 76.8

(S)-4-Iodo-1-Chloro-2-(4-Tetrahydrofuran-3-Yloxy-Benzyl)-Benzene

abx188037-100g 100 g
EUR 927.6

Sucrose, GlenBiol, suitable for molecular biology

GC3201-1KG 1 kg
EUR 90

DTT (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE131 5 g
EUR 93.6

DTT (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE132 10 g
EUR 133.2

DTT (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE133 25 g
EUR 243.6

NAD (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE196 1 g
EUR 72

NAD (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE197 5 g
EUR 165.6

NBT (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE209 1 g
EUR 123.6

NBT (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE210 5 g
EUR 360

BCIP (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE108 250 mg
EUR 75.6

BCIP (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE109 1 g
EUR 108

DAPI (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE117 5 mg
EUR 72

DAPI (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE118 25 mg
EUR 159.6

DAPI (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE119 100 mg
EUR 382.8

Tris (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE237 500 g
EUR 106.8

Tris (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE238 1 kg
EUR 153.6

Tris (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE239 5 kg
EUR 535.2

100mL Molecular Biology Grade

46-000-CI PK6
EUR 74.4

500mL Molecular Biology Grade

46-000-CV PK6
EUR 138

CHAPS (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE114 1 g
EUR 66

CHAPS (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE115 5 g
EUR 157.2

CHAPS (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE116 25 g
EUR 492

HEPES (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE171 100 g
EUR 98.4

HEPES (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE172 500 g
EUR 268.8

HEPES (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE173 1 kg
EUR 424.8

Water (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE243 500 ml
EUR 62.4

Water (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE244 1 l
EUR 67.2

Glycine (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE158 1 kg
EUR 84

Glycine (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE159 5 kg
EUR 228

Tween20 (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE242 1 l
EUR 106.8

Lysozyme (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE188 1 g
EUR 70.8

Lysozyme (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE189 10 g
EUR 247.2

1L Molecular Biology Grade Water

46-000-CM PK6
EUR 196.8

Tween 20, Molecular Biology Grade

T9100-010 100ml
EUR 86.4

Tween 20, Molecular Biology Grade

T9100-050 500ml
EUR 133.2

Tween 20, Molecular Biology Grade

T9100-100 1L
EUR 160.8

(Tetrahydro-Furan-3-Yl)-Acetic Acid

abx188044-100g 100 g
EUR 3316.8

D(+)-Sucrose (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE224 500 g
EUR 67.2

D(+)-Sucrose (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE225 1 kg
EUR 84

D(+)-Sucrose (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE226 5 kg
EUR 207.6

Glycerol 87 % (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE154 1 l
EUR 93.6

MOPS buffer (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE194 100 g
EUR 102

MOPS buffer (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE195 250 g
EUR 169.2

Formamide deionized (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE145 500 ml
EUR 87.6

Formamide deionized (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE146 1 l
EUR 120

Agarose, low EEO, GlenBiol, suitable for molecular biology

GE6258-100G 100 g
EUR 217.2

TritonX-100 (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE240 500 ml
EUR 67.2

TritonX-100 (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE241 1 l
EUR 79.2

Dimethylsulfoxide (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE120 100 ml
EUR 66

Dimethylsulfoxide (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE121 500 ml
EUR 110.4

2-Amino-2-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-ethanol

20-abx185016
  • EUR 1378.80
  • EUR 678.00
  • 1 g
  • 250 mg

Tetrahydro-3-furanmethanol

20-abx184426
  • EUR 444.00
  • EUR 276.00
  • EUR 360.00
  • 10 g
  • 1 g
  • 5 g

Water, distilled, GlenBiol™, suitable for molecular biology

GK8512-1L 1 l
EUR 92.4

Water, Ultrapure Molecular Biology Grade

41024-4L 4L
EUR 145.2
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 4L

Bis-Acrylamid (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE110 50 g
EUR 94.8

Bis-Acrylamid (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE111 250 g
EUR 259.2

Sodium chloride (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE205 500 g
EUR 62.4

Sodium chloride (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE206 1 kg
EUR 70.8

Sodium chloride (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE207 5 kg
EUR 123.6

Phenol, (Carbolic acid) Double distilled for Molecular Biology

PD0252 500g
EUR 192.59

Ammonium sulfate (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE105 250 g
EUR 55.2

Ammonium sulfate (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE106 1 kg
EUR 72

Ammonium sulfate (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE107 5 kg
EUR 153.6

Urea Crystalline (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE167 1 kg
EUR 72

Urea Crystalline (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE168 5 kg
EUR 181.2

SSC Buffer (20X) (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE229 1 l
EUR 86.4

(2R,3R,4R,5R)-2-(Acetoxymethyl)-5-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diyl diacetate

abx186085-1g 1 g
EUR 727.2

XTT sodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE250 100 mg
EUR 208.8

XTT sodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE251 500 mg
EUR 612

Glycerol waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE155 500 ml
EUR 78

Glycerol waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE156 1 l
EUR 102

Glycerol waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE157 2.5 l
EUR 170.4

Tris - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE234 250 g
EUR 99.6

Tris - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE235 500 g
EUR 144

Tris - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE236 1 kg
EUR 223.2

NADP - sodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE200 250 mg
EUR 92.4

NADP - sodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE201 1 g
EUR 190.8

Guanidine Thiocyanate (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE164 100 g
EUR 86.4

Guanidine Thiocyanate (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE165 500 g
EUR 192

Guanidine Thiocyanate (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE166 1 kg
EUR 307.2

NADH - Disodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE198 1 g
EUR 91.2

NADH - Disodium salt (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE199 5 g
EUR 244.8

Guanidine - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE160 100 g
EUR 93.6

Guanidine - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE161 250 g
EUR 153.6

Guanidine - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE162 500 g
EUR 232.8

Guanidine - Hydrochloride (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE163 1 kg
EUR 352.8

D(+)-Glucose waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE148 500 g
EUR 67.2

D(+)-Glucose waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE149 1 kg
EUR 75.6

D(+)-Glucose waterfree (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE150 5 kg
EUR 180

Yeast extract powder (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE169 500 g
EUR 133.2

Hyaluronidase Grade I (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE174 1 g
EUR 232.8

Hyaluronidase Grade I (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE175 5 g
EUR 920.4

Albumin fraction V (pH7,0) (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE100 50 g
EUR 128.4

Albumin fraction V (pH7,0) (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE101 100 g
EUR 193.2

Albumin fraction V (pH7,0) (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE102 250 g
EUR 387.6

Albumin fraction V (pH7,0) (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE103 500 g
EUR 656.4

Albumin fraction V (pH7,0) (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE104 1 kg
EUR 1162.8

Water, Ultra Pure, Sterile Molecular Biology Grade

18-193 100ml/Unit
EUR 268

Water, Ultra Pure, Sterile Molecular Biology Grade

18-194 500ml/Unit
EUR 294

Water, Ultra Pure, Sterile Molecular Biology Grade

18-195 1000ml/Unit
EUR 308

Water, Ultra Pure, Sterile Molecular Biology Grade

18-196 4 x 1L/Unit
EUR 471

EDTA - Dinatriumsalz - Dihydrat (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE135 250 g
EUR 72

EDTA - Dinatriumsalz - Dihydrat (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE136 500 g
EUR 86.4

EDTA - Dinatriumsalz - Dihydrat (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE137 1 kg
EUR 124.8

EDTA - Dinatriumsalz - Dihydrat (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE138 5 kg
EUR 418.8

EDTA solution pH 8.0 (0.5 M) (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE141 500 ml
EUR 87.6

Agarose LE, Ultra-Pure Molecular Biology Grade, 100 g

41028-100G 100G
EUR 266.4
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 100G

Agarose LE, Ultra-Pure Molecular Biology Grade, 25 g

41028-25G 25G
EUR 130.8
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 25G

Agarose LE, Ultra-Pure Molecular Biology Grade, 500 g

41028-500G 500G
EUR 862.8
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 500G

rel-(8R,8'R)-Dimethyl-(7S,7'R)-bis(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)tetrahydro-furan

HY-N2207 5mg
EUR 1240.8

rel-(8R,8'R)-dimethyl-(7S,7'R)-bis(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)tetrahydro-furan

TB0769-0050 20mg
EUR 504

AGAROSE LE, LOW EEO, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE, 100G PER UNIT

AGR-LE-100 1/pk
EUR 201.6
Description: Bioscience Mol Bio; Agarose

Bulk Beads Zr 0.1mm Triple-Pure Molecular Biology Grade 250g

HOM3048 250G
EUR 637.2

Bulk Beads Zr 0.5mm Triple-Pure Molecular Biology Grade 250g

HOM3050 250G
EUR 637.2

Bulk Beads Zr 1.0mm Triple-Pure Molecular Biology Grade 250g

HOM3052 250G
EUR 637.2

Bulk Beads Zr 1.5mm Triple-Pure Molecular Biology Grade 250g

HOM3054 250G
EUR 637.2

Bulk Beads Zr 3.0mm Triple-Pure Molecular Biology Grade 300g

HOM3056 300G
EUR 637.2

LB-Agar - Powder according to Lennox (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE178 500 g
EUR 109.2

LB-Agar - Powder according to Lennox (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE179 2.5 kg
EUR 301.2

LB-Agar - Powder according to Miller (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE180 500 g
EUR 104.4

LB-Agar - Powder according to Miller (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE181 2.5 kg
EUR 295.2

LB-Medium - Powder according to Lennox (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE182 500 g
EUR 108

LB-Medium - Powder according to Lennox (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE183 2.5 kg
EUR 301.2

LB-Medium - Powder according to Miller (Molecular Biology Grade)

CE184 2.5 kg
EUR 295.2

Bulk Beads, Zirconium, 0.1mm, Triple-Pure Molecular Biology Grade, 250g

D1132-01TP 1 PC
EUR 482.6

Bulk Beads, Zirconium, 0.5mm, Triple-Pure Molecular Biology Grade, 250g

D1132-05TP 1 PC
EUR 482.6

Bulk Beads, Zirconium, 1.0mm, Triple-Pure Molecular Biology Grade, 250g

D1132-10TP 1 PC
EUR 482.6

Bulk Beads, Zirconium, 1.5mm, Triple-Pure Molecular Biology Grade, 250g

D1132-15TP 1 PC
EUR 482.6

Bulk Beads, Zirconium, 3.0mm, Triple-Pure Molecular Biology Grade, 300g

D1132-30TP 1 PC
EUR 482.6

AGAROSE LE, LOW EEO, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE, 500G/UNIT, 10 UNITS PER CASE

AGR-LE-5001 1/pk
EUR 3669.6
Description: Bioscience Mol Bio; Agarose

AGAROSE LE, LOW EEO, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE, 100G PER UNIT, 10 UNITS PER CASE

AGR-LE-1001 1/pk
EUR 926.4
Description: Bioscience Mol Bio; Agarose

AGAROSE MS, PCR SCREENING, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE, 100G/UNIT, 10 UNITS PER CASE

AGR-MS-1001 1/pk
EUR 2445.6
Description: Bioscience Mol Bio; Agarose

AGAROSE LM, LOW MELTING, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE, 100G/UNIT, 10 UNITS PER CASE (AL)

AGR-LM-1001 1/pk
EUR 4484.4
Description: Bioscience Mol Bio; Agarose

AGAROSE LM, LOW MELTING, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE, 50G/UNIT, 10 UNITS PER CASE (AL)

AGR-LM-501 1/pk
EUR 2490
Description: Bioscience Mol Bio; Agarose

Tetrahydro-3-furoic acid

abx182679-5g 5 g
EUR 811.2

Tetrahydrofurfuryl bromide

20-abx186582
  • EUR 410.40
  • EUR 276.00
  • 100 g
  • 25 g

Tetrahydrofurfuryl Acrylate

abx188906-3000g 3000g
EUR 844.8

ELISA kit for General THFA (Tetrahydrofolic Acid)

ELK8034 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 446.4
Description: A competitive Inhibition ELISA kit for detection of Tetrahydrofolic Acid from General in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.

Tetrahydrofolic Acid ELISA Kit (OKCD02291)

OKCD02291 96 Wells
EUR 1154.4
Description: Description of target: Tetrahydrofolic acid is a folic acid derivative. It is produced from dihydrofolic acid by dihydrofolate reductase. It is converted into 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate by serine hydroxymethyltransferase. It is a coenzyme in many reactions, especially in the metabolism of amino acids and nucleic acids. It acts as a donor of a group with one carbon atom. It gets this carbon atom by sequestering formaldehyde produced in other processes.;Species reactivity: Pan-Species;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Competitive Inhibition Immunoassay;Sensitivity: 0.52 ng/mL

Tetrahydrofolic Acid (THFA) CLIA Kit

20-abx490523
  • EUR 9567.60
  • EUR 5095.20
  • EUR 1177.20
  • 10 × 96 tests
  • 5 × 96 tests
  • 96 tests

Tetrahydrofolic Acid (THFA) ELISA Kit

DLR-THFA-Ge-48T 48T
EUR 607.2
Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Tetrahydrofolic Acid (THFA) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids.

Tetrahydrofolic Acid (THFA) ELISA Kit

DLR-THFA-Ge-96T 96T
EUR 789.6
Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Tetrahydrofolic Acid (THFA) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids.

Tetrahydrofolic Acid (THFA) ELISA Kit

20-abx150377
  • EUR 9174.00
  • EUR 4888.80
  • EUR 1130.40
  • 10 × 96 tests
  • 5 × 96 tests
  • 96 tests

Cat Tetrahydrofolic Acid (THFA) ELISA Kit

YLA0102CT-48T 48T
EUR 547.5

Cat Tetrahydrofolic Acid (THFA) ELISA Kit

YLA0102CT-96T 96T
EUR 637.5

Tetrahydrofolic Acid (THFA) Antibody

20-abx102055
  • EUR 510.00
  • EUR 159.60
  • EUR 1412.40
  • EUR 693.60
  • EUR 393.60
  • 100 ug
  • 10 ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 50 ug

General Tetrahydrofolic Acid (THFA) ELISA Kit

CEG411Ge-10x96wellstestplate 10x96-wells test plate
EUR 6588.86
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of General Tetrahydrofolic Acid (THFA) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.

General Tetrahydrofolic Acid (THFA) ELISA Kit

CEG411Ge-1x48wellstestplate 1x48-wells test plate
EUR 647.78
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of General Tetrahydrofolic Acid (THFA) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.

General Tetrahydrofolic Acid (THFA) ELISA Kit

CEG411Ge-1x96wellstestplate 1x96-wells test plate
EUR 873.98
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of General Tetrahydrofolic Acid (THFA) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.

General Tetrahydrofolic Acid (THFA) ELISA Kit

CEG411Ge-5x96wellstestplate 5x96-wells test plate
EUR 3572.93
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of General Tetrahydrofolic Acid (THFA) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.

General Tetrahydrofolic Acid (THFA) ELISA Kit

4-CEG411Ge
  • EUR 6649.20
  • EUR 3513.60
  • EUR 874.80
  • 10 plates of 96 wells
  • 5 plates of 96 wells
  • 1 plate of 96 wells
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Competitive Inhibition method for detection of General Tetrahydrofolic Acid (THFA) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.


Physical and functional basic unit of heredity; consisting of DNA, they act as instructions for making proteins. There are approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in humans, the size of which varies from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases. Most genes are the same in all people; less than 1% different. Everyone has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Each chromosome contains many genes.